How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air, sentence 9

Frigatebirds can fly for weeks without landing; scientists found they slept less than an hour a day while flying, mostly in seconds-long naps, but about twelve hours a day on land.

Who acts: Frigatebirds, scientists · What happens: fly, land, find, sleep · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals sleep: half-asleep dolphins, standing horses, short-sleeping giraffes and birds that nap in the air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frigatebirds, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frigatebirds	frigatebird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fly	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fly	aux
3	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 weeks	case
5	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fly	obl
6	without	without	SCONJ	_	7 landing	mark
7	landing	land	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 fly	advcl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 found	punct
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 found	nsubj
10	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fly	parataxis
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 slept	nsubj
12	slept	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 found	ccomp
13	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	16 hour	advmod
14	than	than	ADP	_	16 hour	case
15	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 hour	det
16	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 slept	obl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 day	det
18	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 slept	obl:unmarked
19	while	while	SCONJ	_	20 flying	mark
20	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 slept	advcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 seconds	punct
22	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	24 seconds	advmod
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 seconds	case
24	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 flying	obl
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	27 naps	punct
26	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 naps	amod
27	naps	nap	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 seconds	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 hours	punct
29	but	but	CCONJ	_	32 hours	cc
30	about	about	ADV	_	31 twelve	advmod
31	twelve	twelve	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	32 hours	nummod
32	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hour	conj
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 day	det
34	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 hours	nmod:unmarked
35	on	on	ADP	_	36 land	case
36	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 hours	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	roles by
1	fly	can	Frigatebirds	week	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	land	gerund	Frigatebirds not said here		vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	find	past	scientists		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	sleep	past	scientists = scientist	day; hour	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	fly	gerund	scientists = scientist not said here	second	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/390-how-animals-sleep-half-asleep-dolphins-standing-horses-short-sleeping-giraffes-and-birds-that-nap-in-the-air/9/