Documentaries vs cartoons: added sounds, edited stories and what is real, sentence 18
Animals communicate with sounds, smells and body movements, but not with words; scientists are studying whale clicks and other sounds with computers, but no animal has been shown to use a language like ours.
Who acts: Animals, scientists · What happens: communicate, study, show, use · To what, where: whale clicks, animal, language
This is a sentence of the lesson «Documentaries vs cartoons: added sounds, edited stories and what is real» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 communicate | nsubj |
| 2 | communicate | communicate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 sounds | case |
| 4 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 communicate | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 smells | punct |
| 6 | smells | smell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sounds | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 movements | cc |
| 8 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 movements | compound |
| 9 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 sounds | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 words | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 words | cc |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 words | advmod |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 words | case |
| 14 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 communicate | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 studying | punct |
| 16 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 studying | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 studying | aux |
| 18 | studying | study | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 communicate | parataxis |
| 19 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 clicks | compound |
| 20 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 studying | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 sounds | cc |
| 22 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 sounds | amod |
| 23 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 clicks | conj |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 computers | case |
| 25 | computers | computer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 studying | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 shown | punct |
| 27 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 shown | cc |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 animal | det |
| 29 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 shown | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 shown | aux |
| 31 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 shown | aux:pass |
| 32 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 communicate | conj |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 use | mark |
| 34 | use | use | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 shown | xcomp |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 language | det |
| 36 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 use | obj |
| 37 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 ours | case |
| 38 | ours | our | PRON | Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 language | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 communicate | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | communicate | present | Animals | with sounds and smells and body movements; with words | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with sound=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | study | present · progressive | scientists | whale clicks and other sounds | with computers | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Topic | |||
| 3 | show | present · perfect · passive | no animal | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | use | to-infinitive | a language | like ours | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:395-documentaries-vs-cartoons-added-sounds-edited-stories-and-what-is-real.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/395-documentaries-vs-cartoons-added-sounds-edited-stories-and-what-is-real/18/