Pests: mice in the kitchen, cockroaches, clothes moths, fleas and head lice, sentence 18

Fruit flies smell ripe and rotting fruit from far away, lay eggs on it and eat the yeast growing on it; scientists have studied them for over a hundred years to learn how genes work.

Who acts: Fruit flies, yeast, scientists, genes · What happens: smell, rot, lay, eat, grow, study · To what, where: fruit, eggs, yeast · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pests: mice in the kitchen, cockroaches, clothes moths, fleas and head lice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fruit flies, yeast, scientists, genes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flies	compound
2	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 smell	nsubj
3	smell	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	ripe	ripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 smell	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 rotting	cc
6	rotting	rot	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 ripe	conj
7	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rotting	obj
8	from	from	ADP	_	9 far	case
9	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 lay	advmod
10	away	away	ADV	_	9 far	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lay	punct
12	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 smell	conj
13	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 lay	obj
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 it	case
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 lay	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 eat	cc
17	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 smell	conj
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 yeast	det
19	yeast	yeast	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 eat	obj
20	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	19 yeast	acl
21	on	on	ADP	_	22 it	case
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 growing	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 studied	punct
24	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 studied	nsubj
25	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 studied	aux
26	studied	study	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 smell	parataxis
27	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 studied	obj
28	for	for	ADP	_	32 years	case
29	over	over	ADV	_	31 hundred	advmod
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 hundred	det
31	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	32 years	nummod
32	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 studied	obl
33	to	to	PART	_	34 learn	mark
34	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 studied	advcl
35	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	37 work	advmod
36	genes	gene	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 work	nsubj
37	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 learn	ccomp
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 smell	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	present	Fruit flies				ripe property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	rot	gerund	Fruit flies not said here	fruit				tree rules
3	lay	present	Fruit flies not said here	eggs	fruit		far property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on it=Destination
4	eat	present	Fruit flies not said here	the yeast				vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yeast=Patient
5	grow	gerund	the yeast not said here		fruit			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Location
6	study	present · perfect	scientists	eggs = egg		year		vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic
7	learn	to-infinitive	scientists not said here					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	work	present	genes					vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:397-pests-mice-in-the-kitchen-cockroaches-clothes-moths-fleas-and-head-lice.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/397-pests-mice-in-the-kitchen-cockroaches-clothes-moths-fleas-and-head-lice/18/