Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches, sentence 16
Red wood ants bite and spray a stinging acid from their back end to defend their nest mounds, which can hold hundreds of thousands of ants; it stings but is not dangerous.
Who acts: Red wood ants, nest mounds, acid · What happens: bite, spray, defend, hold, sting, not be · To what, where: stinging acid, back end, nest mounds, hundreds
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Red wood ants, nest mounds, acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 ants | amod |
| 2 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ants | compound |
| 3 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bite | nsubj |
| 4 | bite | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 spray | cc |
| 6 | spray | spray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bite | conj |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 acid | det |
| 8 | stinging | sting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 acid | amod |
| 9 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 spray | obj |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 end | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 end | nmod:poss |
| 12 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 end | compound |
| 13 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 spray | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 defend | mark |
| 15 | defend | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 spray | advcl |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 mounds | nmod:poss |
| 17 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 mounds | compound |
| 18 | mounds | mound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 defend | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 hold | punct |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 hold | nsubj |
| 21 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 hold | aux |
| 22 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 mounds | acl:relcl |
| 23 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 hold | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 thousands | case |
| 25 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hundreds | nmod |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 ants | case |
| 27 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 thousands | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 stings | punct |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 stings | nsubj |
| 30 | stings | sting | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bite | conj |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 dangerous | cc |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 dangerous | cop |
| 33 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 dangerous | advmod |
| 34 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 stings | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bite | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bite | present | Red wood ants | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | spray | present | Red wood ants not said here | a stinging acid | from ants's back end | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent acid=Theme | |||
| 3 | defend | to-infinitive | Red wood ants not said here | ants's nest mounds | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mound=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | hold | can | ants's nest mounds | hundreds of thousands of ants | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme | ||||
| 5 | sting | present | acid | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | not is | present | acid not said here | dangerous property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/16/