Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches, sentence 2
Most bites and stings are animals defending themselves or feeding: a bee stings when squashed, a dog bites when it is scared or someone takes its bone, a cat scratches when its tail is pulled.
Who acts: Most bites, dog, someone, cat · What happens: defend, feed, squash, bite, be, take · To what, where: animals, bone, tail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bites, stings and scratches: mosquitoes, wasps, ticks, dog bites and cat scratches» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most bites, dog, someone, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 bites | amod |
| 2 | bites | bite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 defending | nsubj |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 stings | cc |
| 4 | stings | sting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 bites | conj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 defending | aux |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 defending | nsubj |
| 7 | defending | defend | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 7 defending | obj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 feeding | cc |
| 10 | feeding | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 defending | conj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 stings | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 stings | det |
| 13 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stings | compound |
| 14 | stings | sting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 feeding | parataxis |
| 15 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 squashed | advmod |
| 16 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 stings | acl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bites | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 dog | det |
| 19 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bites | nsubj |
| 20 | bites | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 stings | conj |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 24 scared | advmod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 scared | nsubj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 scared | cop |
| 24 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 bites | advcl |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 takes | cc |
| 26 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 27 takes | nsubj |
| 27 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 scared | conj |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 bone | nmod:poss |
| 29 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 takes | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 scratches | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 cat | det |
| 32 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 scratches | nsubj |
| 33 | scratches | scratch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 scared | advcl |
| 34 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 pulled | advmod |
| 35 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 tail | nmod:poss |
| 36 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 pulled | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 pulled | aux:pass |
| 38 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 scratches | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 defending | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | defend | present · progressive | Most bites and stings | animals = animal | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | feed | gerund | Most bites and stings not said here | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | squash | participle | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | bite | present | a dog | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | dog | scared property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | take | present | someone | dog's bone | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | ||||
| 7 | scratch | present | a cat | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | pull | present · passive | dog's tail | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/399-bites-stings-and-scratches-mosquitoes-wasps-ticks-dog-bites-and-cat-scratches/2/