The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 4

On a hot afternoon at a safari park the lions lie flat in the shade like big sleepy cats: they hunt mostly at dusk, at night and at dawn, and resting in the heat saves their energy and water.

Who acts: lions, resting · What happens: lie, hunt, rest, save · To what, where: shade, heat, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, resting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	On	on	ADP	_	4 afternoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 afternoon	det
3	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 afternoon	amod
4	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lie	obl
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 park	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 park	det
7	safari	safari	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 park	compound
8	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 afternoon	nmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 lions	det
10	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lie	nsubj
11	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 saves	advcl
12	flat	flat	ADV	_	11 lie	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 shade	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 shade	det
15	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lie	obl
16	like	like	ADP	_	19 cats	case
17	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 cats	amod
18	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 cats	amod
19	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 shade	nmod
20	:	:	PUNCT	_	22 hunt	punct
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 hunt	nsubj
22	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 saves	advcl
23	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	25 dusk	advmod
24	at	at	ADP	_	25 dusk	case
25	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 hunt	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 night	punct
27	at	at	ADP	_	28 night	case
28	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 hunt	obl
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 dawn	cc
30	at	at	ADP	_	31 dawn	case
31	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 night	conj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 saves	punct
33	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 resting	cc
34	resting	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	38 saves	csubj
35	in	in	ADP	_	37 heat	case
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 heat	det
37	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 resting	obl
38	saves	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
39	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	40 energy	nmod:poss
40	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 saves	obj
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 water	cc
42	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 energy	conj
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 lie	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present	the lions		the shade like big sleepy cats	afternoon	flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location
2	hunt	present	lions = lion			dusk; night		vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	rest	gerund			the heat			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heat=Location
4	save	present	resting	lions's energy and water				vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/4/