The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds, sentence 5
Lions rest for up to about 20 hours a day, hunt mostly from dusk to dawn and live mainly on African grassland and savanna, not in jungles; a small group of Asiatic lions lives in India's Gir Forest.
Who acts: Lions, small group · What happens: rest, hunt, live · To what, where: African grassland, Gir Forest
This is a sentence of the lesson «The savanna: grass, trees and the great herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, small group), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | nsubj |
| 2 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 hours | case |
| 4 | up | up | ADV | _ | 7 20 | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 hours | case |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 7 20 | advmod |
| 7 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 hours | nummod |
| 8 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | obl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 day | det |
| 10 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hours | nmod:unmarked |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 hunt | punct |
| 12 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | conj |
| 13 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 12 hunt | advmod |
| 14 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 dusk | case |
| 15 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 hunt | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 dawn | case |
| 17 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dusk | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 live | cc |
| 19 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 hunt | conj |
| 20 | mainly | mainly | ADV | _ | 19 live | advmod |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 grassland | case |
| 22 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 grassland | amod |
| 23 | grassland | grassland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 live | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 savanna | cc |
| 25 | savanna | savanna | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 grassland | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 jungles | punct |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 29 jungles | advmod |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 jungles | case |
| 29 | jungles | jungle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grassland | conj |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 lives | punct |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 group | det |
| 32 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 group | amod |
| 33 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 lives | nsubj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 lions | case |
| 35 | Asiatic | Asiatic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 lions | amod |
| 36 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 group | nmod |
| 37 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 hunt | conj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 Forest | case |
| 39 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Forest | nmod:poss |
| 40 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 39 India | case |
| 41 | Gir | Gir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Forest | compound |
| 42 | Forest | Forest | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 lives | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rest | present | Lions | hour | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hunt | present | Lions not said here | dusk | mostly property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | live | present | Lions not said here | African grassland and savanna and jungles | mainly property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on grassland=Location | |||
| 4 | live | present | a small group of Asiatic lions | India's Gir Forest | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:004-the-savanna.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/4-the-savanna/5/