Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails, sentence 14
True flies, like houseflies, hoverflies and mosquitoes, have only two wings; their back pair has shrunk into tiny knobs called halteres.
Who acts: True flies, back pair, tiny knobs · What happens: have, shrink, call · To what, where: two wings, tiny knobs, halteres · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Counting animals: legs, arms, wings and tails» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (True flies, back pair, tiny knobs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | True | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 flies | amod |
| 2 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 have | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 houseflies | punct |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 houseflies | case |
| 5 | houseflies | housefly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 flies | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 hoverflies | punct |
| 7 | hoverflies | hoverfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 houseflies | conj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 mosquitoes | cc |
| 9 | mosquitoes | mosquito | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hoverflies | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 11 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 13 two | advmod |
| 13 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 wings | nummod |
| 14 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 have | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 shrunk | punct |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 pair | nmod:poss |
| 17 | back | back | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 pair | amod |
| 18 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 shrunk | nsubj |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 shrunk | aux |
| 20 | shrunk | shrink | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 have | parataxis |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 23 knobs | case |
| 22 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 knobs | amod |
| 23 | knobs | knob | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 shrunk | obl |
| 24 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 knobs | acl |
| 25 | halteres | haltere | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 called | xcomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | True flies like houseflies and hoverflies and mosquitoes | two wings | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | ||||
| 2 | shrink | present · perfect | wings's back pair | into tiny knobs result | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into knob=Result | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | tiny knobs not said here | halteres | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:040-counting-legs-arms-wings-and-tails.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/40-counting-legs-arms-wings-and-tails/14/