The big biology quiz, part 4: everything from lessons 301 to 399, sentence 16

Gigantopithecus was a giant ape from southern China known mostly from teeth, which are very hard and last longer than other bones, first found sold as dragon teeth in medicine shops; caves later gave many more, but no full skeleton has been found, so nobody knows its exact height.

Who acts: Gigantopithecus, teeth, caves, nobody · What happens: be, know, last, sell, give, find · To what, where: giant ape, southern China, teeth, medicine shops, many more, full skeleton

This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 4: everything from lessons 301 to 399» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gigantopithecus, teeth, caves, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gigantopithecus	Gigantopithecus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ape	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ape	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 ape	det
4	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ape	amod
5	ape	ape	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 China	case
7	southern	southern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 China	amod
8	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ape	nmod
9	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 ape	acl
10	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	9 known	advmod
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 teeth	case
12	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 known	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hard	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 hard	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 hard	cop
16	very	very	ADV	_	17 hard	advmod
17	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 teeth	acl:relcl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 last	cc
19	last	last	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 hard	conj
20	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 last	advmod
21	than	than	ADP	_	23 bones	case
22	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 bones	amod
23	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 last	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 first	punct
25	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	26 found	advmod
26	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 sold	aux:pass
27	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 hard	conj
28	as	as	ADP	_	30 teeth	case
29	dragon	dragon	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 teeth	compound
30	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 sold	obl
31	in	in	ADP	_	33 shops	case
32	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 shops	compound
33	shops	shop	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 sold	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 caves	punct
35	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 gave	nsubj
36	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	37 gave	advmod
37	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ape	parataxis
38	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 more	amod
39	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	37 gave	obj
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 found	punct
41	but	but	CCONJ	_	47 found	cc
42	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	44 skeleton	det
43	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 skeleton	amod
44	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 found	nsubj:pass
45	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 found	aux
46	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	47 found	aux:pass
47	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 gave	conj
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 knows	punct
49	so	so	ADV	_	51 knows	advmod
50	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	51 knows	nsubj
51	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 found	parataxis
52	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	54 height	nmod:poss
53	exact	exact	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 height	amod
54	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 knows	obj
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 ape	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Gigantopithecus	a giant ape	southern China		tree rules
2	know	participle		a giant ape not said here	teeth	mostly property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	present	teeth			hard property	tree rules
4	last	infinitive	teeth not said here			than other bones; long property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
5	sell	past · passive	teeth not said here		medicine shops	as dragon teeth	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»
6	give	past	caves	many more		late property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme
7	find	present · perfect · passive		no full skeleton			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
8	know	present	nobody	skeleton's exact height			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer height=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:400-the-big-biology-quiz-part-4-everything-from-lessons-301-to-399.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/400-the-big-biology-quiz-part-4-everything-from-lessons-301-to-399/16/