The big biology quiz, part 4: everything from lessons 301 to 399, sentence 17
A dolphin sleeps with half its brain at a time and keeps coming up to breathe, with one eye open controlled by the awake half; ducks at the edge of a sleeping row can do the same.
Who acts: dolphin, ducks · What happens: sleep, keep, come up, breathe, control, do · To what, where: brain, same
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 4: everything from lessons 301 to 399» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphin, ducks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 dolphin | det |
| 2 | dolphin | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sleeps | nsubj |
| 3 | sleeps | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 half | case |
| 5 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 7 brain | det:predet |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 brain | nmod:poss |
| 7 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sleeps | obl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 time | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 time | det |
| 10 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sleeps | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 keeps | cc |
| 12 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 sleeps | conj |
| 13 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 keeps | xcomp |
| 14 | up | up | ADV | _ | 13 coming | advmod |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 breathe | mark |
| 16 | breathe | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 coming | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 open | punct |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 open | case |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 eye | nummod |
| 20 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 open | compound |
| 21 | open | open | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 breathe | obl |
| 22 | controlled | control | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 open | advcl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 half | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 half | det |
| 25 | awake | awake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 half | amod |
| 26 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 22 controlled | obl:agent |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 do | punct |
| 28 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 do | nsubj |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 edge | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 edge | det |
| 31 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ducks | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 row | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 row | det |
| 34 | sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 row | compound |
| 35 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 edge | nmod |
| 36 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 do | aux |
| 37 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 sleeps | parataxis |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 same | det |
| 39 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 do | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sleeps | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sleep | present | a dolphin | dolphin's brain | time | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | keep | present | a dolphin not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | come up | gerund | a dolphin not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | breathe | to-infinitive | a dolphin not said here | with eye open | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | control | participle | a dolphin not said here | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | do | can | ducks at the edge of a sleeping row | the same | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:400-the-big-biology-quiz-part-4-everything-from-lessons-301-to-399.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/400-the-big-biology-quiz-part-4-everything-from-lessons-301-to-399/17/