The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab, sentence 12
Rhinos wallow in mud, which cools them and protects their skin from sunburn and biting flies; no rhino ever took its skin off, and cake crumbs do not cause folds.
Who acts: Rhinos, mud, rhino, cake crumbs · What happens: wallow, cool, protect, bite, take off, not cause · To what, where: mud, plates, skin, folds
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rhinos, mud, rhino, cake crumbs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhinos | rhino | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 wallow | nsubj |
| 2 | wallow | wallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 mud | case |
| 4 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 wallow | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 cools | punct |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 cools | nsubj |
| 7 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 mud | acl:relcl |
| 8 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 cools | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 protects | cc |
| 10 | protects | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cools | conj |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 skin | nmod:poss |
| 12 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 protects | obj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 sunburn | case |
| 14 | sunburn | sunburn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 protects | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 flies | cc |
| 16 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 flies | amod |
| 17 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sunburn | conj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 took | punct |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 rhino | det |
| 20 | rhino | rhino | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 took | nsubj |
| 21 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 22 took | advmod |
| 22 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 wallow | conj |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 skin | nmod:poss |
| 24 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 took | obj |
| 25 | off | off | ADP | _ | 22 took | compound:prt |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 cause | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 cause | cc |
| 28 | cake | cake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 crumbs | compound |
| 29 | crumbs | crumb | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cause | nsubj |
| 30 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 cause | aux |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 cause | advmod |
| 32 | cause | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wallow | conj |
| 33 | folds | fold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 cause | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 wallow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wallow | present | Rhinos | mud | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | cool | present | mud | plates = plate | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 3 | protect | present | mud not said here | plates's skin | from sunburn and biting flies | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Beneficiary from sunburn=Theme | |||
| 4 | bite | gerund | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | take off | past | no rhino | rhino's skin | ever | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme | |||
| 6 | not cause | present · do-support | cake crumbs | folds | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fold=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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