The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab, sentence 14
An elephant's trunk is its nose and upper lip joined together, with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; elephant ancestors tens of millions of years ago had only a short nose, and trunks grew longer slowly over millions of years.
Who acts: trunk, upper lip, elephant ancestors, trunks · What happens: be, join, have, grow · To what, where: nose, tens, millions
This is a sentence of the lesson «The real animals of the Just So Stories: the whale, camel, rhino, leopard, elephant, kangaroo, armadillo and crab» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trunk, upper lip, elephant ancestors, trunks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trunk | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 elephant | case |
| 4 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nose | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 nose | cop |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 nose | nmod:poss |
| 7 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 lip | cc |
| 9 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lip | amod |
| 10 | lip | lip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nose | conj |
| 11 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 lip | acl |
| 12 | together | together | ADV | _ | 11 joined | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 bones | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 bones | case |
| 15 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 bones | det |
| 16 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 joined | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 tens | cc |
| 18 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 bones | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 thousands | case |
| 20 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 tens | nmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 bundles | case |
| 22 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 bundles | amod |
| 23 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 bundles | compound |
| 24 | bundles | bundle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 thousands | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 had | punct |
| 26 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ancestors | compound |
| 27 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 had | nsubj |
| 28 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 had | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 millions | case |
| 30 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 tens | nmod |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 millions | nmod |
| 33 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 34 had | advmod |
| 34 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 nose | parataxis |
| 35 | only | only | ADV | _ | 38 nose | advmod |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 nose | det |
| 37 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 nose | amod |
| 38 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 had | obj |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 grew | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 grew | cc |
| 41 | trunks | trunk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 grew | nsubj |
| 42 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 had | conj |
| 43 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 42 grew | advmod |
| 44 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 42 grew | advmod |
| 45 | over | over | ADP | _ | 46 millions | case |
| 46 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 grew | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 years | case |
| 48 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 millions | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 nose | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a elephant's trunk | trunk's nose and upper lip | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | join | past | upper lip not said here | with no bones and tens of thousands of small muscle bundles; together property | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with bone=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | have | past | elephant ancestors | tens of millions of years | ago property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient | |||
| 4 | grow | past | trunks | millions of years | long, slowly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over million=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/404-the-real-animals-of-the-just-so-stories-whale-camel-rhino-leopard-elephant-kangaroo-armadillo-crab/14/