The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?, sentence 12

A capybara eats several kilograms of grass and water plants a day, because grass is tough and has little goodness in it; like all rodents its front teeth keep growing all its life and are worn down by chewing.

Who acts: capybara, grass, front teeth, chewing · What happens: eat, be, have, keep, grow, wear down · To what, where: several kilograms, little goodness, capybara, life

This is a sentence of the lesson «The capybara: the calmest animal, friend of crocodiles?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (capybara, grass, front teeth, chewing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 capybara	det
2	capybara	capybara	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	nsubj
3	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 kilograms	amod
5	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 eats	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 plants	case
7	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kilograms	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 water	cc
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 grass	conj
10	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 grass	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 day	det
12	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eats	obl:unmarked
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 tough	punct
14	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 tough	mark
15	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 tough	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 tough	cop
17	tough	tough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 eats	advcl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 has	cc
19	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 tough	conj
20	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 goodness	amod
21	goodness	goodness	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 has	obj
22	in	in	ADP	_	23 it	case
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 goodness	nmod
24	;	;	PUNCT	_	32 growing	punct
25	like	like	ADP	_	27 rodents	case
26	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	27 rodents	det
27	rodents	rodent	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 keep	obl
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 teeth	nmod:poss
29	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 teeth	amod
30	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 keep	nsubj
31	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 eats	parataxis
32	growing	grow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 keep	xcomp
33	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	35 life	det
34	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 life	nmod:poss
35	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 growing	obj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 worn	cc
37	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 worn	aux:pass
38	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 keep	conj
39	down	down	ADP	_	38 worn	compound:prt
40	by	by	ADP	_	41 chewing	case
41	chewing	chewing	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 worn	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 eats	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	a capybara	several kilograms grass and water and plants		day		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Patient
2	is	present	grass				tough property	tree rules
3	have	present	grass not said here	little goodness	capybara			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodness=Patient
4	keep	present	capybara's front teeth				like all rodents	tree rules
5	grow	gerund	capybara's front teeth not said here	capybara's life				vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location life=Theme
6	wear down	present · passive	chewing					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:042-the-capybara.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/42-the-capybara/12/