The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 15
Echidnas can survive bushfires by hiding in burrows or logs and lowering their body temperature and heartbeat, a state called torpor; their normal body temperature is only about 32 degrees, and because keeping warm burns food, a cooler body needs less food.
Who acts: Echidnas, state, normal body temperature, cooler body · What happens: survive, hide, lower, call, be, keep · To what, where: bushfires, burrows, body temperature, torpor, 32 degrees, burns food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Echidnas, state, normal body temperature, cooler body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Echidnas | echidna | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 survive | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 survive | aux |
| 3 | survive | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | bushfires | bushfire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 survive | obj |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 6 hiding | mark |
| 6 | hiding | hide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 survive | advcl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 burrows | case |
| 8 | burrows | burrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hiding | obl |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 logs | cc |
| 10 | logs | log | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 burrows | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 lowering | cc |
| 12 | lowering | lower | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 hiding | conj |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 temperature | nmod:poss |
| 14 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 temperature | compound |
| 15 | temperature | temperature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lowering | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 heartbeat | cc |
| 17 | heartbeat | heartbeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 temperature | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 state | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 state | det |
| 20 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 temperature | appos |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 state | acl |
| 22 | torpor | torpor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 called | xcomp |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 degrees | punct |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 temperature | nmod:poss |
| 25 | normal | normal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 temperature | amod |
| 26 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 temperature | compound |
| 27 | temperature | temperature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 degrees | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 degrees | cop |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 about | advmod |
| 30 | about | about | ADV | _ | 31 32 | advmod |
| 31 | 32 | 32 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 degrees | nummod |
| 32 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 survive | parataxis |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 needs | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 needs | cc |
| 35 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 36 keeping | mark |
| 36 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 needs | advcl |
| 37 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 burns | amod |
| 38 | burns | burn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 food | compound |
| 39 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 keeping | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 keeping | punct |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 body | det |
| 42 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 43 body | amod |
| 43 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 needs | nsubj |
| 44 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 survive | conj |
| 45 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 46 food | amod |
| 46 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 needs | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 survive | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | survive | can | Echidnas | bushfires | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bushfire=Circumstance | ||||
| 2 | hide | gerund | Echidnas not said here | burrows or logs | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in burrow=Location | ||||
| 3 | lower | gerund | Echidnas not said here | logs's body temperature and heartbeat | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | a state not said here | torpor | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | temperature's normal body temperature | 32 degrees | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | keep | gerund | a cooler body not said here | burns food | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 7 | need | present | a cooler body | less food | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot food=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/15/