The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp, sentence 13
Mantis shrimps have 12 to 16 kinds of light sensors while we have 3 kinds of colour sensors, yet a 2014 study found they are worse than us at telling close colours apart.
Who acts: Mantis shrimps, we, 2014 study, kinds · What happens: have, find, be, tell · To what, where: 12 kinds, 3 kinds, close colours · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mantis shrimps, we, 2014 study, kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mantis | mantis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 shrimps | compound |
| 2 | shrimps | shrimp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 kinds | nummod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 16 | case |
| 6 | 16 | 16 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 12 | nmod |
| 7 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 sensors | case |
| 9 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sensors | compound |
| 10 | sensors | sensor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kinds | nmod |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 13 have | mark |
| 12 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 have | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | advcl |
| 14 | 3 | 3 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 kinds | nummod |
| 15 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 have | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 sensors | case |
| 17 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sensors | compound |
| 18 | sensors | sensor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 kinds | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 found | punct |
| 20 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 24 found | cc |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 study | det |
| 22 | 2014 | 2014 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 23 study | nummod |
| 23 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 found | nsubj |
| 24 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | conj |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 worse | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 worse | cop |
| 27 | worse | bad | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 found | ccomp |
| 28 | than | than | ADP | _ | 29 us | case |
| 29 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 worse | obl |
| 30 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 31 telling | mark |
| 31 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 worse | advcl |
| 32 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 colours | amod |
| 33 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 telling | obj |
| 34 | apart | apart | ADV | _ | 31 telling | advmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Mantis shrimps | 12 kinds of light sensors | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | ||||
| 2 | have | present | we | 3 kinds of colour sensors | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | ||||
| 3 | find | past | a 2014 study | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | present | kinds = kind | than us; bad property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | gerund | kinds = kind not said here | close colours | apart property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent colour=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:044-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp/13/