The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp, sentence 4
The frills on an axolotl's head are gills: it is a salamander that keeps its young features, gills and a tail fin, for its whole life and stays in water, which scientists call neoteny.
Who acts: frills, tardigrade, salamander, scientists · What happens: be, keep, stay, call, feature · To what, where: gills, salamander, young features, water, whole life · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The axolotl, the tardigrade and the mantis shrimp» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frills, tardigrade, salamander, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 frills | det |
| 2 | frills | frill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 gills | nsubj |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 head | case |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 axolotl | det |
| 5 | axolotl | axolotl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 head | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 axolotl | case |
| 7 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 frills | nmod |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 gills | cop |
| 9 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 salamander | punct |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 salamander | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 salamander | cop |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 salamander | det |
| 14 | salamander | salamander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 gills | parataxis |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 keeps | nsubj |
| 16 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 salamander | acl:relcl |
| 17 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 features | nmod:poss |
| 18 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 features | amod |
| 19 | features | feature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 keeps | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 gills | punct |
| 21 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 salamander | conj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 fin | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 fin | det |
| 24 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fin | compound |
| 25 | fin | fin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 salamander | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 life | punct |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 life | case |
| 28 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 life | nmod:poss |
| 29 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 life | amod |
| 30 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 keeps | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 stays | cc |
| 32 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 keeps | conj |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 water | case |
| 34 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 stays | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 call | punct |
| 36 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 38 call | obj |
| 37 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 call | nsubj |
| 38 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 life | parataxis |
| 39 | neoteny | neoteny | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 call | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 gills | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the frills on a axolotl's head | gills | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | tardigrade | a salamander and gills and a tail fin | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | keep | present | a salamander and gills and a tail fin | tardigrade's young features | for tardigrade's whole life | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Theme | |||
| 4 | stay | present | a salamander and gills and a tail fin not said here | water | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | ||||
| 5 | call | present | scientists | tardigrade's whole life | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | feature | tardigrade | nom feature «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:044-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/44-axolotl-tardigrade-mantis-shrimp/4/