Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 12
Wolves were brought back to Yellowstone in 1995; elk numbers fell and in some places young willows and aspens grew back, though scientists still argue how big the wolves' effect really was.
Who acts: elk numbers, young willows, scientists, effect, wolves · What happens: bring back, fell, grow back, argue, be, effect · To what, where: Wolves, 1995, places · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elk numbers, young willows, scientists, effect), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 brought | aux:pass |
| 3 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 3 brought | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Yellowstone | case |
| 6 | Yellowstone | Yellowstone | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 back | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 1995 | case |
| 8 | 1995 | 1995 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 brought | obl |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 fell | punct |
| 10 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 numbers | compound |
| 11 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 fell | nsubj |
| 12 | fell | fell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 brought | parataxis |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 grew | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 places | case |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 places | det |
| 16 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 grew | obl |
| 17 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 willows | amod |
| 18 | willows | willow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 grew | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 aspens | cc |
| 20 | aspens | aspen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 willows | conj |
| 21 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 fell | conj |
| 22 | back | back | ADV | _ | 21 grew | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 argue | punct |
| 24 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 27 argue | mark |
| 25 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 argue | nsubj |
| 26 | still | still | ADV | _ | 27 argue | advmod |
| 27 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 grew | advcl |
| 28 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 29 big | advmod |
| 29 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 argue | ccomp |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 wolves | det |
| 31 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 effect | nmod:poss |
| 32 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 31 wolves | case |
| 33 | effect | effect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 big | nsubj |
| 34 | really | really | ADV | _ | 29 big | advmod |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 big | cop |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 brought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring back | past · passive | Wolves | 1995 | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | fell | past | elk numbers | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | grow back | past | young willows and aspens | some places | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location | ||||
| 4 | argue speech: disagree | present | scientists | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the wolves's effect | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | effect | the wolves | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/12/