Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 14
Near hot springs on the deep sea floor, found in 1977, food chains start with bacteria that make food from chemicals instead of sunlight; giant tube worms have no mouth and live on such bacteria inside them.
Who acts: food chains, bacteria, giant tube worms · What happens: find, start, make, have, live · To what, where: hot springs, 1977, food, chemicals, mouth, such bacteria
This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food chains, bacteria, giant tube worms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Near | near | ADP | _ | 3 springs | case |
| 2 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 springs | amod |
| 3 | springs | spring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 found | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 floor | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 floor | det |
| 6 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 floor | amod |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 floor | compound |
| 8 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 springs | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 found | punct |
| 10 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 1977 | case |
| 12 | 1977 | 1977 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 found | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 start | punct |
| 14 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 chains | compound |
| 15 | chains | chain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 start | nsubj |
| 16 | start | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 found | conj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 bacteria | case |
| 18 | bacteria | bacterium | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 start | obl |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 make | nsubj |
| 20 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 bacteria | acl:relcl |
| 21 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 make | obj |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 23 chemicals | case |
| 23 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 make | obl |
| 24 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 26 sunlight | case |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 instead | fixed |
| 26 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 make | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 have | punct |
| 28 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 worms | amod |
| 29 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 worms | compound |
| 30 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 have | nsubj |
| 31 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 start | parataxis |
| 32 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 33 mouth | det |
| 33 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 have | obj |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 live | cc |
| 35 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 have | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 bacteria | case |
| 37 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 bacteria | amod |
| 38 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 live | obl |
| 39 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 40 them | case |
| 40 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 live | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 start | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | participle · passive | hot springs on the deep sea floor | 1977 | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | start | present | food chains | with bacteria | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with bacterium=Subeventuality | ||||
| 3 | make | present | bacteria | food | chemicals | instead sunlight | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from chemical=Material | ||
| 4 | have | present | giant tube worms | no mouth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient | ||||
| 5 | live | present | giant tube worms not said here | such bacteria | inside worms = worm | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bacteria=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/14/