Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 4

Plants make their own food from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide; this is photosynthesis, it uses the green chlorophyll in leaves and gives out oxygen; plants do not eat soil, which only gives them water and minerals.

Who acts: Plants, this, food, soil · What happens: make, be, use, give out, not eat, give · To what, where: own food, sunlight, photosynthesis, green chlorophyll, leaves, oxygen

This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plants, this, food, soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 food	nmod:poss
4	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 food	amod
5	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 sunlight	case
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 water	punct
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sunlight	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dioxide	cc
11	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dioxide	compound
12	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sunlight	conj
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 photosynthesis	punct
14	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 photosynthesis	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 photosynthesis	cop
16	photosynthesis	photosynthesis	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	parataxis
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 uses	punct
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 uses	nsubj
19	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 chlorophyll	det
21	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 chlorophyll	amod
22	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 uses	obj
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 leaves	case
24	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 chlorophyll	nmod
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 gives	cc
26	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 uses	conj
27	out	out	ADP	_	26 gives	compound:prt
28	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 gives	obj
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 eat	punct
30	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 eat	nsubj
31	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 eat	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 eat	advmod
33	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 make	parataxis
34	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 eat	obj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 gives	punct
36	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	38 gives	nsubj
37	only	only	ADV	_	38 gives	advmod
38	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 soil	acl:relcl
39	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 gives	iobj
40	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 gives	obj
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 minerals	cc
42	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 water	conj
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	make	present	Plants	plants's own food		sunlight and water and carbon dioxide	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material
2	is a	present	this	photosynthesis			tree rules
3	use	present	food	the green chlorophyll		leaves	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chlorophyll=Patient
4	give out	present	food not said here	oxygen			vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme
5	not eat	present · do-support	plants	soil			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient
6	give	present	soil	water and minerals	plants = plant		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient water=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/4/