Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 0

A predator hunts and kills other animals for food, its prey; scavengers eat animals that are already dead, and decomposers such as fungi, worms and dung beetles break down dead things and dung so the goodness goes back to the soil.

Who acts: predator, scavengers, animals, decomposers, goodness · What happens: hunt, kill, eat, be, break down, go back · To what, where: other animals, animals, dead things

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (predator, scavengers, animals, decomposers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 predator	det
2	predator	predator	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hunts	nsubj
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 kills	cc
5	kills	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunts	conj
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 animals	amod
7	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 kills	obj
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 food	case
9	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 kills	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 prey	punct
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 prey	nmod:poss
12	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 food	appos
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 eat	punct
14	scavengers	scavenger	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 eat	nsubj
15	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hunts	parataxis
16	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 eat	obj
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 dead	nsubj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 dead	cop
19	already	already	ADV	_	20 dead	advmod
20	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 animals	acl:relcl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 break	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 break	cc
23	decomposers	decomposer	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 break	nsubj
24	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	26 fungi	case
25	as	as	ADP	_	24 such	fixed
26	fungi	fungi	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 decomposers	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 worms	punct
28	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 fungi	conj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 beetles	cc
30	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 beetles	compound
31	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 decomposers	conj
32	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 eat	conj
33	down	down	ADP	_	32 break	compound:prt
34	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 things	amod
35	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 break	obj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 dung	cc
37	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 things	conj
38	so	so	SCONJ	_	41 goes	mark
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 goodness	det
40	goodness	goodness	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 goes	nsubj
41	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 break	advcl
42	back	back	ADV	_	41 goes	advmod
43	to	to	ADP	_	45 soil	case
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 soil	det
45	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 goes	obl
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hunts	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	a predator			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	kill	present	a predator not said here	other animals	for food	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
3	eat	present	scavengers	animals		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Patient
4	is	present	animals		dead property	tree rules
5	break down	present	decomposers such fungi and worms and dung beetles	dead things and dung		vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient
6	go back	present	the goodness		to the soil result	vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to soil=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/0/