Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 15

A Venus flytrap is a plant predator that snaps its leaves shut on insects; it grows in poor soil and gets extra food from insects; its trigger hairs must be touched twice within about 20 seconds, so a raindrop or a speck of dust does not set it off, and it grows wild only in a small area of North and South Carolina.

Who acts: Venus flytrap, plant predator, predator, raindrop · What happens: be, snap, shut, grow, get, touch · To what, where: plant predator, leaves, poor soil, extra food, trigger hairs, predator

This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus flytrap, plant predator, predator, raindrop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 flytrap	det
2	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 flytrap	compound
3	flytrap	flytrap	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 predator	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 predator	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 predator	det
6	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 predator	compound
7	predator	predator	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 snaps	nsubj
9	snaps	snap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 predator	acl:relcl
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 leaves	nmod:poss
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 snaps	obj
12	shut	shut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 snaps	xcomp
13	on	on	ADP	_	14 insects	case
14	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 shut	obl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 grows	punct
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 grows	nsubj
17	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 snaps	conj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 soil	case
19	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 soil	amod
20	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 grows	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 gets	cc
22	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 grows	conj
23	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 food	amod
24	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 gets	obj
25	from	from	ADP	_	26 insects	case
26	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 gets	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 touched	punct
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 hairs	nmod:poss
29	trigger	trigger	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 hairs	compound
30	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 touched	nsubj:pass
31	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 touched	aux
32	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	33 touched	aux:pass
33	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 grows	conj
34	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	33 touched	advmod
35	within	within	ADP	_	38 seconds	case
36	about	about	ADV	_	37 20	advmod
37	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	38 seconds	nummod
38	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 touched	obl
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	42 raindrop	punct
40	so	so	ADV	_	42 raindrop	advmod
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 raindrop	det
42	raindrop	raindrop	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 set	nsubj
43	or	or	CCONJ	_	45 speck	cc
44	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	45 speck	det
45	speck	speck	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 raindrop	conj
46	of	of	ADP	_	47 dust	case
47	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 speck	nmod
48	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	50 set	aux
49	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	50 set	advmod
50	set	set	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 touched	advcl
51	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	50 set	obj
52	off	off	ADP	_	50 set	compound:prt
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	56 grows	punct
54	and	and	CCONJ	_	56 grows	cc
55	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	56 grows	nsubj
56	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 snaps	conj
57	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	56 grows	xcomp
58	only	only	ADV	_	62 area	advmod
59	in	in	ADP	_	62 area	case
60	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	62 area	det
61	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	62 area	amod
62	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 grows	obl
63	of	of	ADP	_	67 Carolina	case
64	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	67 Carolina	compound
65	and	and	CCONJ	_	66 South	cc
66	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	64 North	conj
67	Carolina	Carolina	PROPN	Number=Sing	62 area	nmod
68	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 predator	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a Venus flytrap	a plant predator				tree rules
2	snap	present	a plant predator	predator's leaves				tree rules
3	shut	participle	a plant predator not said here				on insects	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	grow	present	predator		poor soil			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location
5	get	present	predator not said here	extra food			from insects	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent food=Theme from insect=Source
6	touch	must · passive		predator's trigger hairs		second	twice property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
7	not set off	present · do-support	a raindrop or a speck of dust	predator				vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Patient
8	grow	present	predator		a small area of North Carolina		wild property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/15/