Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers, sentence 5
A kestrel hovers into the wind with its head perfectly still, which keeps the picture steady, to spot the tiny movements of voles and mice in the grass; a 1995 study suggested it may see ultraviolet light from voles' urine trails.
Who acts: kestrel, head, 1995 study, study · What happens: hover, keep, spot, suggest, see, move · To what, where: wind, picture, tiny movements, ultraviolet light, urine trails, voles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Who eats whom: predators, prey, scavengers and decomposers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kestrel, head, 1995 study, study), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 kestrel | det |
| 2 | kestrel | kestrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hovers | nsubj |
| 3 | hovers | hover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 wind | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 wind | det |
| 6 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hovers | obl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 head | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 head | nmod:poss |
| 9 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wind | nmod |
| 10 | perfectly | perfectly | ADV | _ | 11 still | advmod |
| 11 | still | still | ADV | _ | 6 wind | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 steady | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 keeps | nsubj |
| 14 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 head | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 picture | det |
| 16 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 keeps | obj |
| 17 | steady | steady | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 keeps | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 spot | punct |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 spot | mark |
| 20 | spot | spot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 hovers | advcl |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 movements | det |
| 22 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 movements | amod |
| 23 | movements | movement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 spot | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 voles | case |
| 25 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 movements | nmod |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 mice | cc |
| 27 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 voles | conj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 grass | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 grass | det |
| 30 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 spot | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 suggested | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 study | det |
| 33 | 1995 | 1995 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 study | nummod |
| 34 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 suggested | nsubj |
| 35 | suggested | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 hovers | parataxis |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 see | nsubj |
| 37 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 see | aux |
| 38 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 suggested | ccomp |
| 39 | ultraviolet | ultraviolet | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 light | amod |
| 40 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 see | obj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 trails | case |
| 42 | voles | vole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 trails | nmod:poss |
| 43 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 42 voles | case |
| 44 | urine | urine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 trails | compound |
| 45 | trails | trail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 see | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hovers | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hover | present | a kestrel | the wind with kestrel's head | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | keep | present | kestrel's head | the picture | steady property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme | |||
| 3 | spot | to-infinitive | a kestrel not said here | the tiny movements of voles and mice | in the grass | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent movement=Destination in grass=Theme | |||
| 4 | suggest speech: suggest | past | a 1995 study | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | see | may | study | ultraviolet light | voles's urine trails | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | move | voles and mice | nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:047-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/47-predators-prey-scavengers-decomposers/5/