Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird, sentence 11

Monarch butterflies from Canada and the USA fly up to about 4,000 km to a few mountain forests in Mexico for the winter, and the trip back north takes several generations; a first-timer finds the way with the Sun and an inner clock, though it has never been there.

Who acts: Monarch butterflies, trip, first timer, butterfly · What happens: fly up, take, find, have, not be · To what, where: several generations, way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Monarch butterflies, trip, first timer, butterfly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 butterflies	compound
2	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fly	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Canada	case
4	Canada	Canada	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 butterflies	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 USA	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 USA	det
7	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Canada	conj
8	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 fly	compound:prt
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 4,000	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 4,000	advmod
12	4,000	4,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 fly	obl
13	km	km	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 4,000	nmod:unmarked
14	to	to	ADP	_	18 forests	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 forests	det
16	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 forests	amod
17	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 forests	compound
18	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fly	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Mexico	case
20	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 forests	nmod
21	for	for	ADP	_	23 winter	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 winter	det
23	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fly	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 takes	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 takes	cc
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 trip	det
27	trip	trip	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 takes	nsubj
28	back	back	ADV	_	29 north	advmod
29	north	north	ADV	_	30 takes	advmod
30	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fly	conj
31	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 generations	amod
32	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 takes	obj
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 finds	punct
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 timer	det
35	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	37 timer	amod
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	35 first	punct
37	timer	timer	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 finds	nsubj
38	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 fly	conj
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 way	det
40	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 finds	obj
41	with	with	ADP	_	43 Sun	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 Sun	det
43	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	40 way	nmod
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 clock	cc
45	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 clock	det
46	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 clock	amod
47	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 Sun	conj
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 has	punct
49	though	though	SCONJ	_	51 has	mark
50	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 has	nsubj
51	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 finds	advcl
52	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	54 there	advmod
53	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	54 there	cop
54	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	51 has	advmod
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	fly up	present	Monarch butterflies from Canada and the USA		winter	to 4,000 km result; to a few mountain forests in Mexico	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to 4,000=Result
2	take	present	the trip	several generations		north property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent generation=Theme
3	find	present	a first timer	the way		with the Sun and a inner clock	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic
4	have	present	butterfly				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	not is	participle				there property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/11/