Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird, sentence 13
A ladybird's spots show its kind, not its age: a seven-spot ladybird always has about 7 spots, and the bright colours warn birds that it tastes bad.
Who acts: spots, spot ladybird, bright colours, ladybird · What happens: show, have, warn, taste · To what, where: kind, 7 spots, birds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spots, spot ladybird, bright colours, ladybird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ladybird | det |
| 2 | ladybird | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 spots | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 ladybird | case |
| 4 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 show | nsubj |
| 5 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 kind | nmod:poss |
| 7 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 show | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 age | punct |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 age | advmod |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 age | nmod:poss |
| 11 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 show | conj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 has | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 ladybird | det |
| 14 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 spot | nummod |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 seven | punct |
| 16 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 ladybird | compound |
| 17 | ladybird | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 has | nsubj |
| 18 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 19 has | advmod |
| 19 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 show | parataxis |
| 20 | about | about | ADV | _ | 21 7 | advmod |
| 21 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 spots | nummod |
| 22 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 has | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 warn | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 warn | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 colours | det |
| 26 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 colours | amod |
| 27 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 warn | nsubj |
| 28 | warn | warn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 show | conj |
| 29 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 warn | obj |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 tastes | mark |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 tastes | nsubj |
| 32 | tastes | taste | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 warn | ccomp |
| 33 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 tastes | xcomp |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 show | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a ladybird's spots | spot's kind | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | have | present | a spot ladybird | 7 spots | always property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | |||
| 3 | warn speech: warn | present | the bright colours | birds | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | taste | present | ladybird | bad property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:048-life-cycles-metamorphosis.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/13/