Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents, sentence 14
A giraffe is born with a drop of about 1.5 to 2 metres to the ground, is already about 1.8 metres tall, and usually stands within about an hour; the drop helps break the birth sac and start the baby breathing.
Who acts: drop, baby · What happens: bear, be, stand, help, break, start · To what, where: giraffe, birth sac
This is a sentence of the lesson «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (drop, baby), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 giraffe | det |
| 2 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 born | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 born | aux:pass |
| 4 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 drop | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 drop | det |
| 7 | drop | drop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 born | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 1.5 | case |
| 9 | about | about | ADV | _ | 10 1.5 | advmod |
| 10 | 1.5 | 1.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 drop | nmod |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 2 | case |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 metres | nummod |
| 13 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 drop | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 ground | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ground | det |
| 16 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 metres | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 tall | punct |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 tall | cop |
| 19 | already | already | ADV | _ | 21 1.8 | advmod |
| 20 | about | about | ADV | _ | 21 1.8 | advmod |
| 21 | 1.8 | 1.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 metres | nummod |
| 22 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 tall | obl:unmarked |
| 23 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 born | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 stands | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 stands | cc |
| 26 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 27 stands | advmod |
| 27 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 tall | conj |
| 28 | within | within | ADP | _ | 31 hour | case |
| 29 | about | about | ADV | _ | 31 hour | advmod |
| 30 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 hour | det |
| 31 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stands | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 helps | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 drop | det |
| 34 | drop | drop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 helps | nsubj |
| 35 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 born | parataxis |
| 36 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 helps | xcomp |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 sac | det |
| 38 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sac | compound |
| 39 | sac | sac | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 break | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 start | cc |
| 41 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 break | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 breathing | det |
| 43 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 breathing | nsubj |
| 44 | breathing | breathe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 start | xcomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 born | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | a giraffe | with a drop of 1.5 2 metres to the ground | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | 1.8 metres obl:unmarked; tall property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | stand | present | hour | usually property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | help | present | the drop | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | break | infinitive | the drop not said here | the birth sac | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sac=Patient | ||||
| 6 | start | infinitive | the drop not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | breathe | gerund | baby | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:049-babies.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/49-babies/14/