Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents, sentence 15

The adder, Britain's only venomous snake, gives birth to live young, each in a thin skin it breaks out of at once; a mother keeping eggs inside can warm them by basking, and some sharks also give birth to live young.

Who acts: adder, mother, sharks · What happens: give, live, break out, keeping, warm, bask · To what, where: birth, thin skin, eggs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (adder, mother, sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 adder	det
2	adder	adder	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gives	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 adder	punct
4	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 snake	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 Britain	case
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 snake	advmod
7	venomous	venomous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 snake	amod
8	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adder	appos
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 adder	punct
10	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gives	obj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 live	mark
13	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 birth	acl
14	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 live	xcomp
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 each	punct
16	each	each	PRON	PronType=Tot	10 gives	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	20 skin	case
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 skin	det
19	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 skin	amod
20	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 each	nmod
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 breaks	nsubj
22	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 skin	acl:relcl
23	out	out	ADP	_	26 once	case
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 once	case
25	at	at	ADP	_	26 once	case
26	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	22 breaks	obl
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	34 warm	punct
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 mother	det
29	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 warm	nsubj
30	keeping	keeping	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	29 mother	acl
31	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 keeping	obj
32	inside	inside	ADV	_	30 keeping	advmod
33	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	34 warm	aux
34	warm	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 gives	parataxis
35	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	34 warm	obj
36	by	by	SCONJ	_	37 basking	mark
37	basking	bask	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	34 warm	advcl
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 give	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 give	cc
40	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	41 sharks	det
41	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 give	nsubj
42	also	also	ADV	_	43 give	advmod
43	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 warm	conj
44	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 give	obj
45	to	to	PART	_	46 live	mark
46	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	44 birth	acl
47	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 live	xcomp
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 gives	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give	present	the adder	birth	each obl	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme
2	live	to-infinitive	the adder not said here	birth not said here	young property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	break out	present	adder	a thin skin not said here		vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer once=Patient
4	keeping	gerund	a mother not said here	eggs	inside property	tree rules
5	warm	can	a mother	eggs = egg		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
6	bask	gerund	a mother not said here			vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7	give	present	some sharks	birth		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme
8	live	to-infinitive	some sharks not said here	birth not said here	young property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:049-babies.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/49-babies/15/