Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents, sentence 9
An elephant carries her baby for about 22 months, longer than any other land animal, because a big animal with a big brain needs a long time to grow; the calf weighs about 100 kg and is looked after by its mother, aunts, sisters and grandmothers.
Who acts: elephant, big animal, calf, mother · What happens: carry, need, grow, weigh, look after · To what, where: baby, 100 kg
This is a sentence of the lesson «Babies: eggs, live birth, pouches and parents» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, big animal, calf, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | nsubj |
| 3 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 baby | nmod:poss |
| 5 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | obj |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 months | case |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 22 | advmod |
| 8 | 22 | 22 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 months | nummod |
| 9 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carries | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 longer | punct |
| 11 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 carries | advmod |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 16 animal | case |
| 13 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 animal | det |
| 14 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 animal | amod |
| 15 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 animal | compound |
| 16 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 longer | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 needs | punct |
| 18 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 26 needs | mark |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 animal | det |
| 20 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 animal | amod |
| 21 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 needs | nsubj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 brain | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 brain | det |
| 24 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 brain | amod |
| 25 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 animal | nmod |
| 26 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carries | advcl |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 time | det |
| 28 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 time | amod |
| 29 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 needs | obj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 grow | mark |
| 31 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 time | acl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 weighs | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 calf | det |
| 34 | calf | calf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 weighs | nsubj |
| 35 | weighs | weigh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carries | parataxis |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 37 100 | advmod |
| 37 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 kg | nummod |
| 38 | kg | kg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 weighs | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 looked | cc |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 looked | aux:pass |
| 41 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 weighs | conj |
| 42 | after | after | ADP | _ | 41 looked | compound:prt |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 mother | case |
| 44 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 mother | nmod:poss |
| 45 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 looked | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 aunts | punct |
| 47 | aunts | aunt | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 mother | conj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 sisters | punct |
| 49 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 aunts | conj |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 grandmothers | cc |
| 51 | grandmothers | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 aunts | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | a elephant | elephant's baby | month | long property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme | ||
| 2 | need | present | a big animal with a big brain | time | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 3 | grow | to-infinitive | a big animal with a big brain not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | weigh | present | the calf | 100 kg | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value | ||||
| 5 | look after | present · passive | calf's mother and aunts and sisters and grandmothers | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:049-babies.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/49-babies/9/