The desert: living with little water, sentence 0
A desert is a place with very little rain, not necessarily a hot one: deserts bake by day but can freeze at night, because dry air and clear skies let the ground's heat escape into space once the sun goes down.
Who acts: desert, deserts, dry air, sun, ground · What happens: be, bake, freeze, let, escape, go down · To what, where: place, space
This is a sentence of the lesson «The desert: living with little water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (desert, deserts, dry air, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 desert | det |
| 2 | desert | desert | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 place | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 place | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 place | det |
| 5 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 rain | case |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 8 little | advmod |
| 8 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 rain | amod |
| 9 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 place | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 one | punct |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 necessarily | advmod |
| 12 | necessarily | necessarily | ADV | _ | 15 one | advmod |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 one | det |
| 14 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 one | amod |
| 15 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rain | appos |
| 16 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 bake | punct |
| 17 | deserts | desert | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 bake | nsubj |
| 18 | bake | bake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 place | parataxis |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 day | case |
| 20 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bake | obl |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 23 freeze | cc |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 freeze | aux |
| 23 | freeze | freeze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 bake | conj |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 night | case |
| 25 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 freeze | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 let | punct |
| 27 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 33 let | mark |
| 28 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 air | amod |
| 29 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 let | nsubj |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 skies | cc |
| 31 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 skies | amod |
| 32 | skies | sky | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 air | conj |
| 33 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 freeze | advcl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 ground | det |
| 35 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 heat | nmod:poss |
| 36 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 35 ground | case |
| 37 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 escape | compound |
| 38 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 let | xcomp |
| 39 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 space | case |
| 40 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 escape | obl |
| 41 | once | once | SCONJ | _ | 44 goes | mark |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sun | det |
| 43 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 goes | nsubj |
| 44 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 escape | advcl |
| 45 | down | down | ADV | _ | 44 goes | compound:prt |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 place | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a desert | a place | with little rain | tree rules | |||
| 2 | bake | present | deserts | day | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | freeze | can | deserts not said here | night | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | let | present | dry air and clear skies | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | escape | infinitive | dry air and clear skies not said here | space | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into space=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | go down | present | the sun | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 7 | heat | the ground | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:005-the-desert.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/0/