How animals talk, sentence 2

Your cat meowing at the fridge door is talking to you, not to other cats: adult cats rarely meow to each other, so the meow is a language cats invented for people.

Who acts: cat, adult cats, meow, cats · What happens: meow, talk, be, invent · To what, where: you, each, language

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cat, adult cats, meow, cats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cat	nmod:poss
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 talking	nsubj
3	meowing	meow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 cat	acl
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 door	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 door	det
6	fridge	fridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 door	compound
7	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 meowing	obl
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 talking	aux
9	talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 you	case
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	9 talking	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 cats	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 cats	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 cats	case
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 cats	amod
16	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 talking	obl
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	21 meow	punct
18	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 cats	amod
19	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 meow	nsubj
20	rarely	rarely	ADV	_	21 meow	advmod
21	meow	meow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 talking	parataxis
22	to	to	ADP	_	23 each	case
23	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	21 meow	obl
24	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 each	fixed
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 cats	punct
26	so	so	ADV	_	31 language	advmod
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 meow	det
28	meow	meow	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 language	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 language	cop
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 language	det
31	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 meow	parataxis
32	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 invented	nsubj
33	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 language	acl:relcl
34	for	for	ADP	_	35 people	case
35	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 invented	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 talking	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	meow	gerund	Your cat not said here			at the fridge door	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at door=Stimulus
2	talk	present · progressive	Your cat		you	to other cats	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to you=Co-Agent
3	meow	present	adult cats		each	rarely property	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient
4	is a	present	the meow	a language			tree rules
5	invent	participle	cats	a language not said here		for people	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent language=Result for people=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/2/