How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 14

In smoky 1800s England, soot blackened tree trunks, so dark peppered moths hid better, birds ate the pale ones they could see, and dark moths became common; when the air got cleaner the pale ones came back.

Who acts: soot, dark peppered moths, birds, dark moths, air, pale ones · What happens: blacken, pepper, hide, eat, see, become · To what, where: tree trunks, pale ones, smoky 1800s

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, dark peppered moths, birds, dark moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 1800s	case
2	smoky	smoky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 1800s	amod
3	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	19 ate	obl
4	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 1800s	appos
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 ate	punct
6	soot	soot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 blackened	nsubj
7	blackened	blacken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 ate	conj
8	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 trunks	compound
9	trunks	trunk	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 blackened	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 moths	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	12 dark	advmod
12	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 moths	amod
13	peppered	pepper	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 moths	amod
14	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 hid	nsubj
15	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 ate	conj
16	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 hid	advmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 ate	punct
18	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 ate	nsubj
19	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 ones	det
21	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 ones	amod
22	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 ate	obj
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 see	nsubj
24	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 see	aux
25	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 ones	acl:relcl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 became	punct
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 became	cc
28	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 moths	amod
29	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 became	nsubj
30	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 ate	conj
31	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 became	xcomp
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 got	punct
33	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	36 got	advmod
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 air	det
35	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 got	nsubj
36	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 ate	conj
37	cleaner	clean	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	36 got	xcomp
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 ones	det
39	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 ones	amod
40	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 came	nsubj
41	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	36 got	advcl
42	back	back	ADV	_	41 came	advmod
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 ate	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	blacken	participle	soot	tree trunks			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient
2	pepper	participle					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
3	hide	past	dark peppered moths			well property	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	eat	past	birds	the pale ones	smoky 1800s		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient
5	see	could	birds = bird	the pale ones not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus
6	become	past	dark moths			common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
7	get	past	the air			clean property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
8	come back	past	the pale ones				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/14/