How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 13

Every zebra has its own stripe pattern; scientists think the main job of stripes is to keep biting flies away, which they tested by putting striped and plain coats on horses and counting fly landings, and they may also confuse lions in a running herd.

Who acts: zebra, scientists, main job, stripes · What happens: have, think, be, bite, test, put · To what, where: own stripe pattern, striped coats, fly landings, lions, running herd · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (zebra, scientists, main job, stripes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 zebra	det
2	zebra	zebra	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 pattern	nmod:poss
5	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 pattern	amod
6	stripe	stripe	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pattern	compound
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 think	punct
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 think	nsubj
10	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 has	parataxis
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 job	det
12	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 job	amod
13	job	job	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 keep	nsubj
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 stripes	case
15	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 job	nmod
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 keep	cop
17	to	to	PART	_	18 keep	mark
18	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 think	ccomp
19	biting	bite	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 flies	amod
20	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 keep	obj
21	away	away	ADV	_	18 keep	advmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 tested	punct
23	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 tested	obj
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 tested	nsubj
25	tested	test	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 keep	conj
26	by	by	SCONJ	_	28 striped	mark
27	putting	put	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	25 tested	advcl
28	striped	stripe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 coats	amod
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 plain	cc
30	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 striped	conj
31	coats	coat	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 putting	obj
32	on	on	ADP	_	33 horses	case
33	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 putting	obl
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 counting	cc
35	counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 putting	conj
36	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 landings	compound
37	landings	landing	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 counting	obj
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 confuse	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	43 confuse	cc
40	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 confuse	nsubj
41	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	43 confuse	aux
42	also	also	ADV	_	43 confuse	advmod
43	confuse	confuse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 keep	conj
44	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 confuse	obj
45	in	in	ADP	_	48 herd	case
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	48 herd	det
47	running	run	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	48 herd	amod
48	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 confuse	obl
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	every zebra	zebra's own stripe pattern			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient
2	think speech: other	present	scientists				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	is	present	the main job of stripes			away, keep property	tree rules
4	bite	gerund					vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
5	test	participle	scientists = scientist				vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme
6	put	gerund	scientists = scientist not said here	striped coats		on horses	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on horse=Destination
7	count	gerund	scientists = scientist not said here	fly landings			vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent landing=Theme
8	confuse	may	scientists = scientist	lions	a running herd		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient
9	run	gerund					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
10	pattern		zebra				nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent
11	job		stripes				nom job «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/13/