How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 8

A polar bear's hairs are see-through and hollow and its skin is black; the clear hairs scatter light, so the bear looks white against the ice; zoo polar bears have even turned a bit green when tiny algae grew inside their hollow hairs.

Who acts: hairs, skin, clear hairs, bear, zoo polar bears, tiny algae · What happens: be, scatter, look, turn, grow · To what, where: light, hollow hairs

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hairs, skin, clear hairs, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bear	det
2	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bear	amod
3	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hairs	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 bear	case
5	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 through	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 through	cop
7	see	see	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 through	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 through	punct
9	through	through	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 hollow	cc
11	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 through	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 black	cc
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 skin	nmod:poss
14	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 black	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 black	cop
16	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 through	conj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 light	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 hairs	det
19	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 hairs	amod
20	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 scatter	nsubj
21	scatter	scatter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 through	parataxis
22	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 scatter	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 looks	punct
24	so	so	ADV	_	27 looks	advmod
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 bear	det
26	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 looks	nsubj
27	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 scatter	advcl
28	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 looks	xcomp
29	against	against	ADP	_	31 ice	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 ice	det
31	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 white	obl
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 turned	punct
33	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 bears	compound
34	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 bears	amod
35	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 turned	nsubj
36	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 turned	aux
37	even	even	ADV	_	38 turned	advmod
38	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	27 looks	advcl
39	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 bit	det
40	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 green	obl
41	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 turned	xcomp
42	when	when	ADV	PronType=Rel	45 grew	advmod
43	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 algae	amod
44	algae	alga	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 grew	nsubj
45	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	38 turned	advcl
46	inside	inside	ADP	_	49 hairs	case
47	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	49 hairs	nmod:poss
48	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 hairs	amod
49	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 grew	obl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 through	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	a polar bear's hairs			through property	tree rules
2	be		a polar bear's hairs not said here				tree rules
3	is	present	bear's skin			black property	tree rules
4	scatter	present	the clear hairs	light			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme
5	look	present	the bear			white property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
6	turn	present · perfect	zoo polar bears			green property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
7	grow	past	tiny algae		algae's hollow hairs		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside hair=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/8/