How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 9
A flounder lies flat on the seabed, flicks sand over its edges and changes its pattern to match; a baby flounder swims upright, then one eye moves over to the other side of its head.
Who acts: flounder, baby flounder, one eye · What happens: lie, flick, change, match, swim, move over · To what, where: seabed, sand, edges, pattern
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flounder, baby flounder, one eye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 flounder | det |
| 2 | flounder | flounder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lies | nsubj |
| 3 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | flat | flat | ADV | _ | 3 lies | advmod |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 seabed | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 seabed | det |
| 7 | seabed | seabed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lies | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 flicks | punct |
| 9 | flicks | flick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lies | conj |
| 10 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flicks | obj |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 13 edges | case |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 edges | nmod:poss |
| 13 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 flicks | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 changes | cc |
| 15 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 edges | conj |
| 16 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 pattern | nmod:poss |
| 17 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 changes | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 match | mark |
| 19 | match | match | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 changes | advcl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 swims | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 flounder | det |
| 22 | baby | baby | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 flounder | compound |
| 23 | flounder | flounder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 swims | nsubj |
| 24 | swims | swim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 flicks | obj |
| 25 | upright | upright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 swims | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 moves | punct |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 moves | advmod |
| 28 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 eye | nummod |
| 29 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 moves | nsubj |
| 30 | moves | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lies | conj |
| 31 | over | over | ADV | _ | 30 moves | advmod |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 side | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 side | det |
| 34 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 side | amod |
| 35 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 moves | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 head | case |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 head | nmod:poss |
| 38 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 side | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lies | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | present | a flounder | the seabed | flat property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on seabed=Location | |||
| 2 | flick | present | a flounder not said here | sand | flounder's edges | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent sand=Theme over edge=Destination | |||
| 3 | change | present | a flounder not said here | flounder's pattern | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Patient | ||||
| 4 | match | to-infinitive | a flounder not said here | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | swim | a baby flounder | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | move over | present | one eye | then | to the other side of flounder's head result; over property | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to side=Result | |||
| 7 | pattern | flounder | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/9/