How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 10
An octopus has thousands of colour cells and can raise bumps on its skin to copy rocks and weed in under a second, even though scientists think it cannot see colour the way we do.
Who acts: octopus, scientists, we · What happens: have, raise, copy, think, not see, do · To what, where: thousands, bumps, skin, rocks, colour, way · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (octopus, scientists, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 octopus | det |
| 2 | octopus | octopus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 has | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 cells | case |
| 6 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cells | compound |
| 7 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 thousands | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 raise | cc |
| 9 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 raise | aux |
| 10 | raise | raise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 has | conj |
| 11 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 raise | obj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 skin | case |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 skin | nmod:poss |
| 14 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 raise | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 copy | mark |
| 16 | copy | copy | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 raise | advcl |
| 17 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 copy | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 weed | cc |
| 19 | weed | weed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 rocks | conj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 second | case |
| 21 | under | under | ADP | _ | 23 second | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 second | det |
| 23 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 copy | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 think | punct |
| 25 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 think | advmod |
| 26 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 28 think | mark |
| 27 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 think | nsubj |
| 28 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 raise | advcl |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 see | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 see | aux |
| 31 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 see | advmod |
| 32 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 think | ccomp |
| 33 | colour | colour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 see | obj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 way | det |
| 35 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 see | obl |
| 36 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 do | nsubj |
| 37 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 way | acl:relcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a octopus | thousands of colour cells | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient | ||||
| 2 | raise | can | a octopus not said here | bumps | octopus's skin | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bump=Theme on skin=Destination | |||
| 3 | copy | to-infinitive | a octopus not said here | rocks and weed | second | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme | |||
| 4 | think speech: other | present | scientists | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not see | can | octopus | colour | the way obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | do | present | we | the way not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/10/