How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 11

A hoverfly is a harmless fly with wasp-like yellow and black stripes; birds that have learned stripes mean a sting leave it alone, and this trick is called mimicry.

Who acts: hoverfly, birds, sting · What happens: be, learn, mean, leave, call · To what, where: harmless fly, stripes, hoverfly, trick · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hoverfly, birds, sting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hoverfly	det
2	hoverfly	hoverfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fly	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fly	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fly	det
5	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fly	amod
6	fly	fly	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	14 stripes	case
8	wasp	wasp	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 like	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 like	punct
10	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 stripes	amod
11	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 stripes	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 black	cc
13	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 yellow	conj
14	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	nmod
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 birds	punct
16	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fly	parataxis
17	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 learned	nsubj
18	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 learned	aux
19	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 birds	acl:relcl
20	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 learned	obj
21	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 learned	ccomp
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 sting	det
23	sting	sting	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 leave	nsubj
24	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 mean	ccomp
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 leave	obj
26	alone	alone	ADV	_	24 leave	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 called	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 called	cc
29	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	30 trick	det
30	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 called	nsubj:pass
31	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 called	aux:pass
32	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 fly	parataxis
33	mimicry	mimicry	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 called	xcomp
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a hoverfly	a harmless fly	with like yellow stripes	tree rules
2	learn	present · perfect	birds	stripes		tree rules
3	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	leave	infinitive	a sting	hoverfly	alone property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
5	call	present · passive		this trick		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/11/