How animals hunt, sentence 0
A hunter has to find its food, get close, catch it and hold on, and every hunter has its own plan: some chase, some sneak, some set traps and some simply wait.
Who acts: hunter, some · What happens: have, find, get, catch, hold on, wait · To what, where: food, own plan
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 hunter | det |
| 2 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 find | mark |
| 5 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 has | xcomp |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 food | nmod:poss |
| 7 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 find | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 get | punct |
| 9 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 find | conj |
| 10 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 get | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 catch | punct |
| 12 | catch | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 get | xcomp |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 catch | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 hold | cc |
| 15 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 catch | conj |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 hold | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 has | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 has | cc |
| 19 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 hunter | det |
| 20 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 has | nsubj |
| 21 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 has | conj |
| 22 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 plan | nmod:poss |
| 23 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 plan | amod |
| 24 | plan | plan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 has | obj |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 chase | punct |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 chase | det |
| 27 | chase | chase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 plan | appos |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 sneak | punct |
| 29 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 30 sneak | det |
| 30 | sneak | sneak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 chase | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 traps | punct |
| 32 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 traps | det |
| 33 | set | set | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 traps | amod |
| 34 | traps | trap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 plan | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 wait | cc |
| 36 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 38 wait | nsubj |
| 37 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 38 wait | advmod |
| 38 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 has | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a hunter | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | find | to-infinitive | a hunter not said here | hunter's food | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | ||||
| 3 | get | infinitive | a hunter not said here | close property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | catch | infinitive | a hunter not said here | food | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | hold on | infinitive | a hunter not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | have | present | every hunter | hunter's own plan and some set traps | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plan=Patient | ||||
| 7 | wait | present | some | simply property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | plan | hunter | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/0/