How animals hunt, sentence 11

A female deep-sea anglerfish has a glowing lure on her head, made by light-giving bacteria, and small fish in the dark swim towards it.

Who acts: female sea anglerfish, small fish · What happens: have, glow, make, give, swim · To what, where: glowing lure, head

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (female sea anglerfish, small fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 anglerfish	det
2	female	female	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 anglerfish	amod
3	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sea	amod
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 deep	punct
5	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 anglerfish	compound
6	anglerfish	anglerfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 lure	det
9	glowing	glow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 lure	amod
10	lure	lure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 head	case
12	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 head	nmod:poss
13	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lure	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 made	punct
15	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 lure	acl
16	by	by	ADP	_	20 bacteria	case
17	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 giving	compound
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	17 light	punct
19	giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 bacteria	amod
20	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 made	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 swim	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 swim	cc
23	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 fish	amod
24	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 swim	nsubj
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 dark	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 dark	det
27	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 fish	nmod
28	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 has	conj
29	towards	towards	ADP	_	30 it	case
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 swim	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	a female sea anglerfish	a glowing lure	kingfisher's head		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lure=Patient
2	glow	gerund					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	make	participle		a glowing lure not said here		by giving bacteria	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
4	give	gerund					vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
5	swim	present	small fish in the dark		head		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards it=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/11/