How animals hunt, sentence 10

A kingfisher dives head first with very little splash, and Japan's bullet train nose was redesigned to copy its bill, making it quieter in tunnels; water bends light, so a fish looks to be in a slightly different place from where it really is, and a kingfisher learns to aim right.

Who acts: kingfisher, water, fish, nose · What happens: dive, redesign, copy, make, bend, look · To what, where: head, train nose, bill, light, different place

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kingfisher, water, fish, nose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 kingfisher	det
2	kingfisher	kingfisher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dives	nsubj
3	dives	dive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dives	obj
5	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 dives	advmod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 splash	case
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 little	advmod
8	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 splash	amod
9	splash	splash	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dives	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 redesigned	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 redesigned	cc
12	Japan	Japan	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 nose	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Japan	case
14	bullet	bullet	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 train	compound
15	train	train	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 nose	compound
16	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 redesigned	nsubj
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 redesigned	aux:pass
18	redesigned	redesign	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 dives	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 copy	mark
20	copy	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 redesigned	advcl
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 bill	nmod:poss
22	bill	bill	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 copy	obj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 making	punct
24	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 copy	advcl
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 making	obj
26	quieter	quiet	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 making	xcomp
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 tunnels	case
28	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 quieter	obl
29	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 bends	punct
30	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 bends	nsubj
31	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dives	conj
32	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 bends	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 looks	punct
34	so	so	ADV	_	37 looks	advmod
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 fish	det
36	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 looks	nsubj
37	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 bends	conj
38	to	to	PART	_	44 place	mark
39	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	44 place	cop
40	in	in	ADP	_	44 place	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 place	det
42	slightly	slightly	ADV	_	43 different	advmod
43	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 place	amod
44	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 looks	xcomp
45	from	from	ADP	_	46 where	case
46	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	49 is	advmod
47	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	49 is	nsubj
48	really	really	ADV	_	49 is	advmod
49	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 place	acl:relcl
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 learns	punct
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 learns	cc
52	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	53 kingfisher	det
53	kingfisher	kingfisher	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 learns	nsubj
54	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dives	conj
55	to	to	PART	_	56 aim	mark
56	aim	aim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	54 learns	xcomp
57	right	right	ADV	_	56 aim	advmod
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dives	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	dive	present	a kingfisher	head		with little splash; first property	vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme
2	redesign	past · passive		Japan's train nose			tree rules
3	copy	to-infinitive		nose's bill			vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bill=Theme
4	make	gerund		bill		quiet property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
5	bend	present	water	light			vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material
6	look	present	a fish				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
7	is	to-infinitive	a fish not said here		a different place		tree rules
8	learn	present	a kingfisher				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
9	aim	to-infinitive	a kingfisher not said here			right property	vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
10	bill		nose				nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/10/