How animals hunt, sentence 9

A chameleon's tongue shoots out to about twice its body length in a fraction of a second, released like a stretched elastic band, with a sticky cup at the tip.

Who acts: tongue · What happens: shoot out, release, stretch · To what, where: fraction

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chameleon	det
2	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tongue	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 chameleon	case
4	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shoots	nsubj
5	shoots	shoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADV	_	5 shoots	compound:prt
7	to	to	ADP	_	12 length	case
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 twice	advmod
9	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	12 length	advmod
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 length	nmod:poss
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 length	compound
12	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shoots	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 fraction	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 fraction	det
15	fraction	fraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shoots	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	25 band	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 second	det
18	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	15 fraction	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 second	punct
20	released	release	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 shoots	advcl
21	like	like	ADP	_	25 band	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 band	det
23	stretched	stretch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 band	amod
24	elastic	elastic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 band	amod
25	band	band	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 released	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 cup	punct
27	with	with	ADP	_	30 cup	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 cup	det
29	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 cup	amod
30	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 released	obl
31	at	at	ADP	_	33 tip	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 tip	det
33	tip	tip	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 cup	nmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 shoots	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	shoot out	present	a chameleon's tongue	a fraction a second	to tongue's body length	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to length=Destination
2	release	participle	a chameleon's tongue not said here		of a stretched elastic band; with a sticky cup at the tip	vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer of band=Theme
3	stretch	participle				vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/9/