How animals hunt, sentence 15

Some dolphins and humpback whales blow a ring of bubbles round a shoal so the fish, which will not swim through bubbles, bunch up inside, and dolphins also find fish by echolocation.

Who acts: dolphins, fish · What happens: blow, not swim, bunch up, find · To what, where: ring, bubbles, fish

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphins, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 dolphins	det
2	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 blow	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 whales	cc
4	humpback	humpback	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 whales	compound
5	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dolphins	conj
6	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 ring	det
8	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blow	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 bubbles	case
10	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 ring	nmod
11	round	round	ADP	_	13 shoal	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 shoal	det
13	shoal	shoal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blow	obl
14	so	so	SCONJ	_	25 bunch	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 fish	det
16	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 bunch	nsubj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 swim	punct
18	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 swim	nsubj
19	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 swim	aux
20	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 swim	advmod
21	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 fish	acl:relcl
22	through	through	ADP	_	23 bubbles	case
23	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 swim	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 bunch	punct
25	bunch	bunch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 blow	advcl
26	up	up	ADP	_	25 bunch	compound:prt
27	inside	inside	ADV	_	25 bunch	advmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 find	punct
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 find	cc
30	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 find	nsubj
31	also	also	ADV	_	32 find	advmod
32	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 blow	conj
33	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 find	obj
34	by	by	ADP	_	35 echolocation	case
35	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 find	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 blow	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	blow	present	some dolphins and humpback whales	a ring of bubbles		round a shoal	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ring=Patient
2	not swim	future	the fish		bubbles		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through bubble=Trajectory
3	bunch up	infinitive	the fish			inside property	tree rules
4	find	present	dolphins	fish		by echolocation	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/15/