How animals hunt, sentence 5

A cheetah can reach about 100 km per hour, faster than any other land animal, but only for about 20 to 30 seconds before it overheats and must rest; while it lies panting, hyenas or lions often steal its catch.

Who acts: cheetah, hyenas · What happens: reach, overheat, rest, lie, pant, steal · To what, where: 100 km, catch

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cheetah, hyenas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cheetah	det
2	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reach	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 reach	aux
4	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 100	advmod
6	100	100	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 km	nummod
7	km	km	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reach	obj
8	per	per	ADP	_	9 hour	case
9	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 km	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 faster	punct
11	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 reach	parataxis
12	than	than	ADP	_	16 animal	case
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 animal	det
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 animal	amod
15	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 animal	compound
16	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 faster	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 overheats	punct
18	but	but	CCONJ	_	28 overheats	cc
19	only	only	ADV	_	22 20	advmod
20	for	for	ADP	_	22 20	case
21	about	about	ADV	_	22 20	advmod
22	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 seconds	nummod
23	to	to	ADP	_	24 30	case
24	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 20	nmod
25	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 overheats	obl:unmarked
26	before	before	SCONJ	_	28 overheats	mark
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 overheats	nsubj
28	overheats	overheat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reach	advcl
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 rest	cc
30	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 rest	aux
31	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 overheats	conj
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	35 lies	punct
33	while	while	SCONJ	_	35 lies	mark
34	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 lies	nsubj
35	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reach	conj
36	panting	pant	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	35 lies	xcomp
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 hyenas	punct
38	hyenas	hyena	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 steal	nsubj
39	or	or	CCONJ	_	40 lions	cc
40	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 hyenas	conj
41	often	often	ADV	_	42 steal	advmod
42	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 lies	parataxis
43	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	44 catch	nmod:poss
44	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 steal	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 reach	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	reach	can	a cheetah	100 km	per hour		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent km=Theme
2	overheat	present	cheetah		second		vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	rest	must	cheetah not said here				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	lie	present	cheetah				tree rules
5	pant	gerund	cheetah not said here				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	steal	present	hyenas or lions	lion's catch		often property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location catch=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/5/