How animals hunt, sentence 4
Cartoons show the lion as king of the jungle, hunting alone while the lionesses rest; in real life lions live on grassy savannah, and the lionesses do most of the hunting, working together.
Who acts: Cartoons, lionesses, lions · What happens: show, hunt, rest, live, do, work together · To what, where: lion, real life, grassy savannah, most
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cartoons, lionesses, lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cartoons | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 show | nsubj |
| 2 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 lion | det |
| 4 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 show | obj |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 king | case |
| 6 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 show | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 jungle | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 jungle | det |
| 9 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 king | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 hunting | punct |
| 11 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 lion | conj |
| 12 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 11 hunting | advmod |
| 13 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 16 rest | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 lionesses | det |
| 15 | lionesses | lioness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rest | nsubj |
| 16 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 hunting | advcl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 live | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 lions | case |
| 19 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 life | amod |
| 20 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 live | obl |
| 21 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 live | nsubj |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 show | parataxis |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 savannah | case |
| 24 | grassy | grassy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 savannah | amod |
| 25 | savannah | savannah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 live | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 do | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 do | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 lionesses | det |
| 29 | lionesses | lioness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 do | nsubj |
| 30 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 show | conj |
| 31 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 30 do | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 hunting | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 hunting | det |
| 34 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 most | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 working | punct |
| 36 | working | work | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 do | advcl |
| 37 | together | together | ADV | _ | 36 working | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 show | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | Cartoons | the lion | as king of the jungle | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lion=Recipient | |||
| 2 | hunt | gerund | Cartoons not said here | alone property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | rest | present | the lionesses | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | live | present | lions | real life | grassy savannah | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on savannah=Location | |||
| 5 | do | present | the lionesses | most of the hunting | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | work together | gerund | the lionesses not said here | together property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/4/