How animals defend themselves, sentence 17
Musk oxen form a ring facing outwards, with calves in the middle, so wolves meet only a wall of horns.
Who acts: Musk oxen, ring, wolves · What happens: form, face, meet · To what, where: ring, wall
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Musk oxen, ring, wolves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Musk | musk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 oxen | compound |
| 2 | oxen | oxen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 form | nsubj |
| 3 | form | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 ring | det |
| 5 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 form | obj |
| 6 | facing | face | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 ring | acl |
| 7 | outwards | outward | ADV | _ | 6 facing | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 calves | punct |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 calves | case |
| 10 | calves | calf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 form | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 middle | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 middle | det |
| 13 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 calves | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 meet | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 meet | advmod |
| 16 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 meet | nsubj |
| 17 | meet | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 form | conj |
| 18 | only | only | ADV | _ | 20 wall | advmod |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 wall | det |
| 20 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 meet | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 horns | case |
| 22 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 wall | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 form | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | Musk oxen | a ring | with calves in the middle | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ring=Theme | |||
| 2 | face | gerund | a ring not said here | outward property | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | meet | present | wolves | a wall of horns | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/17/