How animals defend themselves, sentence 6

Porcupines raise and rattle barbed quills and back into an attacker; they cannot shoot their quills, but the quills come off easily and grow back.

Who acts: Porcupines, quills · What happens: raise, rattle, barb, not shoot, come off, grow back · To what, where: barbed quills, quills

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Porcupines, quills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 raise	nsubj
2	raise	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 rattle	cc
4	rattle	rattle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 raise	conj
5	barbed	barb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 quills	amod
6	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rattle	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 back	cc
8	back	back	ADV	_	11 attacker	advmod
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 attacker	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 attacker	det
11	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raise	conj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 shoot	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 shoot	nsubj
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 shoot	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 shoot	advmod
16	shoot	shoot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 raise	parataxis
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 quills	nmod:poss
18	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 shoot	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 come	punct
20	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 come	cc
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 quills	det
22	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 come	nsubj
23	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 shoot	conj
24	off	off	ADV	_	23 come	compound:prt
25	easily	easily	ADV	_	23 come	advmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 grow	cc
27	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 come	conj
28	back	back	ADV	_	27 grow	advmod
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 raise	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	raise	present	Porcupines			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	rattle	present	Porcupines not said here	barbed quills		vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
3	barb	participle				tree rules
4	not shoot	can	Porcupines = porcupine	Porcupines's quills		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
5	come off	present	the quills		easily property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
6	grow back	infinitive	the quills not said here			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/6/