Migration: the great journeys, sentence 13

Migrating birds use the Sun, the stars, landmarks, smells and Earth's magnetism; a bird using the Sun has an inner clock that tells it where the Sun should be at each hour, and experiments in a planetarium showed birds steering by the stars around the North Star.

Who acts: Migrating birds, bird, inner clock, Sun, experiments, birds · What happens: migrate, use, have, tell, be, show · To what, where: Sun, inner clock, clock, birds, North Star · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Migrating birds, bird, inner clock, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Migrating	migrate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 birds	amod
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 use	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 stars	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stars	det
8	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Sun	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 landmarks	punct
10	landmarks	landmark	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Sun	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 smells	punct
12	smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 Sun	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 magnetism	cc
14	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 magnetism	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 Earth	case
16	magnetism	magnetism	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 Sun	conj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 has	punct
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 bird	det
19	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 has	nsubj
20	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 bird	acl
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 Sun	det
22	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 using	obj
23	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 use	parataxis
24	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 clock	det
25	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 clock	amod
26	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 has	obj
27	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 tells	nsubj
28	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 clock	acl:relcl
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 tells	obj
30	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	37 hour	advmod
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 Sun	det
32	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 hour	nsubj
33	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 hour	aux
34	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	37 hour	cop
35	at	at	ADP	_	37 hour	case
36	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	37 hour	det
37	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 tells	ccomp
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 showed	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 showed	cc
40	experiments	experiment	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 showed	nsubj
41	in	in	ADP	_	43 planetarium	case
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 planetarium	det
43	planetarium	planetarium	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 experiments	nmod
44	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 use	conj
45	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 showed	obj
46	steering	steer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	45 birds	acl
47	by	by	ADP	_	49 stars	case
48	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	49 stars	det
49	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 steering	obl
50	around	around	ADP	_	53 Star	case
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	53 Star	det
52	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	53 Star	compound
53	Star	Star	PROPN	Number=Sing	46 steering	obl
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 use	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	migrate	gerund							tree rules
2	use	present	Migrating birds	the Sun and the stars and landmarks and smells and Earth's magnetism					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient
3	use	gerund	a bird not said here	the Sun					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient
4	have	present	a bird	a inner clock					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient
5	tell speech: assert	present	a inner clock		clock				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
6	is	should	the Sun				at each hour		tree rules
7	show	past	experiments in a planetarium		birds				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient
8	steer	gerund	birds not said here			the North Star		by the stars	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by star=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/13/