Migration: the great journeys, sentence 16

Bright city lights can pull night-flying birds off course until they tire out or hit glass, and some cities dim their lights in migration season to save them.

Who acts: city lights, birds, cities · What happens: pull, fly, tire out, hit, dim, save · To what, where: flying birds, glass, lights, birds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city lights, birds, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 city	amod
2	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lights	compound
3	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pull	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 pull	aux
5	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 flying	compound
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 flying	punct
8	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 birds	amod
9	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pull	obj
10	off	off	ADV	_	11 course	advmod
11	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 pull	obl:unmarked
12	until	until	SCONJ	_	14 tire	mark
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 tire	nsubj
14	tire	tire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pull	advcl
15	out	out	ADP	_	14 tire	compound:prt
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 hit	cc
17	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 tire	conj
18	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hit	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 dim	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 dim	cc
21	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	22 cities	det
22	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 dim	nsubj
23	dim	dim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pull	conj
24	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 lights	nmod:poss
25	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 dim	obj
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 season	case
27	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 season	compound
28	season	season	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 dim	obl
29	to	to	PART	_	30 save	mark
30	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 dim	advcl
31	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 save	obj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 pull	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	pull	can	city lights	flying birds		course obl:unmarked	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent bird=Result
2	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	tire out	present	birds = bird				vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	hit	present	birds = bird not said here	glass			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Co-Theme
5	dim	present	some cities	birds's lights	season		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient
6	save	to-infinitive	some cities not said here	birds = bird			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
7	light		birds = bird				nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/16/