Migration: the great journeys, sentence 2
Animals find the way with a whole toolbox: the Sun by day, the stars by night, coastlines and rivers, smells, and the Earth's magnetism, and a young cuckoo flies to Africa alone without ever having met its parents.
Who acts: Animals, young cuckoo · What happens: find, fly, meet · To what, where: way, Africa, parents
This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals, young cuckoo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | nsubj |
| 2 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 way | det |
| 4 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 find | obj |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 toolbox | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 toolbox | det |
| 7 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 toolbox | amod |
| 8 | toolbox | toolbox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 find | obl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 Sun | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Sun | det |
| 11 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 toolbox | nmod |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 day | case |
| 13 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 Sun | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 stars | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 stars | det |
| 16 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Sun | conj |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 night | case |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stars | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 coastlines | punct |
| 20 | coastlines | coastline | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 toolbox | appos |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 rivers | cc |
| 22 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 coastlines | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 smells | punct |
| 24 | smells | smell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 coastlines | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 magnetism | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 magnetism | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Earth | det |
| 28 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 magnetism | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 Earth | case |
| 30 | magnetism | magnetism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 coastlines | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 flies | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 flies | cc |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 cuckoo | det |
| 34 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 cuckoo | amod |
| 35 | cuckoo | cuckoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 flies | nsubj |
| 36 | flies | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 find | conj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 Africa | case |
| 38 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 flies | obl |
| 39 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 36 flies | advmod |
| 40 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 43 met | mark |
| 41 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 43 met | advmod |
| 42 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 43 met | aux |
| 43 | met | meet | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 flies | advcl |
| 44 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 parents | nmod:poss |
| 45 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 met | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 find | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Animals | the way | with a whole toolbox the Sun by day and the stars by night | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | |||
| 2 | fly | present | a young cuckoo | Africa | alone property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to africa=Result | |||
| 3 | meet | gerund · perfect | a young cuckoo not said here | cuckoo's parents | ever | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parent=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/2/