Sleep and hibernation, sentence 0
Every animal needs rest, but they rest in amazing ways: dolphins sleep with half their brain, giraffes nap standing up, bats sleep upside down, and koalas sleep most of the day.
Who acts: animal, they, dolphins, giraffes, bats, koalas · What happens: need, rest, sleep, nap, stand up, sleep down · To what, where: rest, amazing ways, upside, most
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, they, dolphins, giraffes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 animal | det |
| 2 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | nsubj |
| 3 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 needs | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 rest | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 rest | cc |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 rest | nsubj |
| 8 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 ways | case |
| 10 | amazing | amazing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 ways | amod |
| 11 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 rest | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 sleep | punct |
| 13 | dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 sleep | nsubj |
| 14 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | parataxis |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 brain | case |
| 16 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 18 brain | det:predet |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 brain | nmod:poss |
| 18 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sleep | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 nap | punct |
| 20 | giraffes | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 nap | nsubj |
| 21 | nap | nap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | conj |
| 22 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 nap | advcl |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 22 standing | compound:prt |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sleep | punct |
| 25 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 sleep | nsubj |
| 26 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | conj |
| 27 | upside | upside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sleep | obj |
| 28 | down | down | ADV | _ | 26 sleep | advmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 sleep | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 sleep | cc |
| 31 | koalas | koala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 sleep | nsubj |
| 32 | sleep | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 needs | conj |
| 33 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 32 sleep | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 day | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 day | det |
| 36 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 most | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 needs | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | present | every animal | rest | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot rest=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rest | present | they | amazing ways | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Location | ||||
| 3 | sleep | present | dolphins | with dolphins's brain | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | nap | present | giraffes | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | stand up | gerund | giraffes not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | sleep down | present | bats | upside | down property | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme | |||
| 7 | sleep | present | koalas | most of the day | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/0/