Sleep and hibernation, sentence 2
Picture a hedgehog curled under a pile of leaves in November; its heart drops from about 190 beats a minute to around 20, and it stays almost switched off until spring, which is why bonfire piles must be checked before lighting.
Who acts: you, heart · What happens: picture, curl, drop, stay, switch off, be · To what, where: hedgehog, pile, 190 beats, spring
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 hedgehog | det |
| 3 | hedgehog | hedgehog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | curled | curl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hedgehog | acl |
| 5 | under | under | ADP | _ | 7 pile | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 pile | det |
| 7 | pile | pile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 curled | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 leaves | case |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pile | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 November | case |
| 11 | November | November | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 leaves | nmod |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 drops | punct |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 heart | nmod:poss |
| 14 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 drops | nsubj |
| 15 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | parataxis |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 beats | case |
| 17 | about | about | ADV | _ | 18 190 | advmod |
| 18 | 190 | 190 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 beats | nummod |
| 19 | beats | beat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 drops | obl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 minute | det |
| 21 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 beats | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 20 | case |
| 23 | around | around | ADV | _ | 24 20 | advmod |
| 24 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 drops | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 stays | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 stays | cc |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 stays | nsubj |
| 28 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Picture | conj |
| 29 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 30 switched | advmod |
| 30 | switched | switch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 stays | xcomp |
| 31 | off | off | ADP | _ | 30 switched | compound:prt |
| 32 | until | until | ADP | _ | 33 spring | case |
| 33 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 switched | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 checked | punct |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 checked | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 checked | cop |
| 37 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 42 checked | advmod |
| 38 | bonfire | bonfire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 piles | compound |
| 39 | piles | pile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 checked | nsubj:pass |
| 40 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 checked | aux |
| 41 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 42 checked | aux:pass |
| 42 | checked | check | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 spring | acl:relcl |
| 43 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 44 lighting | mark |
| 44 | lighting | lighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 checked | advcl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a hedgehog | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent hedgehog=Theme | ||||
| 2 | curl | participle | a hedgehog not said here | a pile of leaves in November | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | drop | present | animal's heart | 190 beats | to 20 | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent from beat=Destination to 20=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | stay | present | heart | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | switch off | participle | heart not said here | spring | almost property | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 6 | is | must · present · passive | spring | check property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/2/