Sleep and hibernation, sentence 9

Giraffes sleep very little, in short naps, mostly standing, because getting up takes a long time with lions around; koalas sleep about 18 to 22 hours a day, because their gum leaves give little energy.

Who acts: Giraffes, getting, koalas, gum leaves · What happens: sleep, stand, get up, take, give · To what, where: short naps, little energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Sleep and hibernation» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giraffes, getting, koalas, gum leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giraffes	giraffe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	nsubj
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 little	advmod
4	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sleep	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 naps	punct
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 naps	case
7	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 naps	amod
8	naps	nap	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sleep	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 standing	punct
10	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	11 standing	advmod
11	standing	stand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 sleep	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 takes	punct
13	because	because	SCONJ	_	16 takes	mark
14	getting	get	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 takes	csubj
15	up	up	PART	_	14 getting	compound:prt
16	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sleep	advcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 time	det
18	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 time	amod
19	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 takes	obj
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 lions	case
21	lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 time	nmod
22	around	around	ADP	_	19 time	case
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 sleep	punct
24	koalas	koala	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 sleep	nsubj
25	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sleep	parataxis
26	about	about	ADV	_	27 18	advmod
27	18	18	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	30 hours	nummod
28	to	to	ADP	_	29 22	case
29	22	22	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	27 18	nmod
30	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 sleep	obl
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 day	det
32	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 hours	nmod:unmarked
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 give	punct
34	because	because	SCONJ	_	38 give	mark
35	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 leaves	nmod:poss
36	gum	gum	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 leaves	compound
37	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 give	nsubj
38	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 sleep	advcl
39	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 energy	amod
40	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 give	obj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sleep	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sleep	present	Giraffes		short naps			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in nap=Location
2	stand	gerund	Giraffes not said here				mostly property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	get up	gerund						vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
4	take	present	getting			time		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	sleep	present	koalas			hour		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	give	present	koalas's gum leaves	little energy				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:055-sleep-and-hibernation.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/55-sleep-and-hibernation/9/